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env Command Guide: Viewing and Setting Environment Variables
The `env` command is used to print a list of environment variables for the current shell or to run another command with specific environment variables set. It's useful for controlling the environment in shell scripts or temporarily changing the environment when running a program. Learn various ways to use the `env` command with this guide.
Complete Guide to Fail2Ban
Fail2Ban is a security tool that automatically blocks brute-force attacks on servers. This guide covers everything from installing Fail2Ban to configuring it and its key commands.
fdisk: Disk Partition Management Tool
fdisk is a command-line based disk partition management tool used in Linux systems to create, modify, and delete hard disk partition tables. It is primarily used for managing MBR (Master Boot Record) partition tables, allowing for efficient management of disk structure.
findmnt: Check Mounted File System Information
The findmnt command displays information about mounted file systems on the current system, either in a tree format or as a list. You can filter by specific file systems, mount points, devices, etc., to view detailed information.
fsck: File System Consistency Check and Repair
The `fsck` command is used to check the consistency of a file system and repair damaged parts. It can also run automatically to prevent file system corruption when a system shuts down abnormally. It is primarily used for troubleshooting boot issues or checking for disk errors.
getent: Querying Name Service Switch (NSS) entries
The getent command retrieves entries from various system databases (e.g., user, group, host information) using the Name Service Switch (NSS) library. This allows it to fetch information not only from local files like /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/hosts, but also from other sources defined in the NSS configuration, such as NIS and LDAP.
GParted: Graphical Disk Partition Management Tool
GParted is a graphical user interface (GUI) based disk partition management tool. It visually provides the powerful features of `parted`, allowing you to easily create, delete, and resize partitions with your mouse. Even beginners can manage disks safely and intuitively.
gpasswd: Group Membership and Password Management
The gpasswd command is used to manage the system's group files (/etc/group and /etc/gshadow). It primarily provides functionality to add or remove users from groups, designate group administrators, and set group passwords. This allows for efficient control of group-based access permissions to files and resources.
groupadd: Create a New Group
groupadd is a command used to create new user groups on a Linux system. It allows you to add new groups to the system, specify a Group ID (GID) if needed, or designate it as a system group. It's commonly used to pre-create relevant groups before creating user accounts.
groupdel: Delete a user group
The groupdel command is used to delete an existing user group from the system. This command removes the group's information from the /etc/group and /etc/gshadow files. Before deleting a group, you should ensure that it is not set as the primary group for any user.
groupmod: Modify Group Information
The groupmod command is used to change attributes of an existing system group, such as its name or GID (Group ID). This command modifies the /etc/group and /etc/gshadow files and requires superuser (root) privileges.
halt: Guide to Immediately Shut Down the System
The `halt` command stops all CPU functions of the system. It puts the system into a safely shut down state where only the power remains on. Typically, 'poweroff' or 'shutdown -h' commands are used instead to completely power off the system.