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Guide to the reboot Command: Restarting the System
`reboot` command is used to safely restart a Linux system. It is utilized when applying system updates, troubleshooting issues, or needing to reset the system state. This guide explains the basic usage of `reboot` and highlights the differences with the recommended `systemctl reboot` method in modern Linux systems.
restorecon: Restore SELinux Security Contexts
The restorecon command is used to restore the SELinux security contexts of files and directories on the filesystem to their system policy-defined defaults. This is essential for resolving access denial issues that can occur when files have incorrect contexts, particularly useful after moving, copying, or creating files where the context might not have been set correctly.
rmmod: Remove a Kernel Module
rmmod is a command used to remove a currently loaded module from the Linux kernel. This command automatically checks module dependencies, ensuring that modules depended upon by other modules are not removed. It is useful for efficiently managing system resources or resolving specific hardware driver issues.
rpm: RPM Package Management
RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) is a powerful command-line tool used in Red Hat-based Linux distributions (RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, etc.) for installing, updating, removing, and querying software packages. It is designed for efficient management of packages in the `.rpm` format.
sar: System Activity Reporter
The sar (System Activity Reporter) command is used to collect and report various system activity information in real-time, including CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network. It is an essential tool for system performance analysis and troubleshooting.
scriptreplay: Replaying Terminal Sessions
scriptreplay is a tool that replays terminal sessions (typescript) recorded by the 'script' command, along with timing information. It recreates everything a user typed and outputted in the terminal at the recorded time intervals, making it useful for various purposes such as education, demonstrations, troubleshooting, and security audits. It is particularly effective for reproducing complex command sequences or specific scenarios.
sedutil-cli: Self-Encrypting Drive (SED) Management
sedutil-cli is a command-line utility for managing Self-Encrypting Drives (SEDs) that comply with the TCG Opal standard. It allows you to perform various operations such as enabling drive encryption, setting passwords, configuring locking ranges, and querying drive status.
sedutil-test: SED Compatibility and Functionality Testing
sedutil-test is a utility for verifying the compatibility and functionality of TCG Opal Self-Encrypting Drives (SEDs). It performs various tests to ensure that a specified drive can be used with sedutil-cli and that its encryption features are working correctly.
semanage: SELinux Policy Management
semanage is a command-line tool used for managing SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) policies. It allows you to add, modify, delete, and list various SELinux policy elements, including file contexts, network ports, booleans, and user mappings. It helps ensure that applications and services operate securely by providing fine-grained control over your system's security policy.
service: System Service Management
The `service` command is used to manage system services by executing System V init scripts. It is primarily used for tasks such as starting, stopping, restarting, and checking the status of services. While `systemctl` is more recommended on `systemd`-based systems, `service` can still be useful for backward compatibility or in specific scenarios.
sestatus: Check SELinux Status
The sestatus command is used to check the current status and policy information of SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux). It allows you to quickly grasp important security-related information such as whether SELinux is enabled, its current operating mode (enforcing, permissive, disabled), and the path to the loaded policy file and its version.
setfacl: Setting File Access Control Lists (ACLs)
The `setfacl` command is used to set Access Control Lists (ACLs) for files and directories. It goes beyond the traditional Unix permission model (owner, group, others) by allowing you to grant or revoke fine-grained read, write, and execute permissions for specific users or groups. This enables flexible management of complex permission requirements.