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Guide to the top Command: Real-time System Process Monitoring
`top` command (table of processes) is a tool used to monitor system process activity in real-time on Linux and Unix-like operating systems. It provides a dynamic overview of the current state of the system, including CPU usage, memory usage, and a list of running processes, making it essential for diagnosing performance issues and understanding resource usage. Through this guide, learn the basic usage and interaction features of the `top` command.
ufw status: Check UFW Firewall Status and Rules
The ufw status command displays the current active status of the Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) and a list of applied firewall rules. This command allows you to quickly and easily understand your system's network security settings and is essential for verifying rule application after changes.
ufw-disable: Disable UFW Firewall
UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) is a tool that simplifies firewall management on Linux systems. The `ufw-disable` command completely disables the UFW firewall and prevents it from starting automatically on system boot. This command is a wrapper script for `ufw disable`, which deactivates all firewall rules, allowing all network traffic.
ufw-enable: Enable UFW Firewall
ufw-enable is a conceptual command to enable the Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW). In practice, you use the 'ufw enable' command to turn on the system's firewall and configure it to start automatically on system boot. This is a crucial step in enhancing system security.
ufw-reload: Reload UFW Firewall Rules
The `ufw-reload` command is used to reload the firewall rules of Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) without restarting the service. This command is useful when you need to apply changes immediately after modifying UFW rules, minimizing disruption to network connections.
ufw-reset: Reset UFW Firewall Configuration
The ufw-reset command is used to reset all Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) settings to their default values and disable the firewall. Executing this command will permanently delete all previously defined firewall rules (allow, deny, routing, etc.). Therefore, extreme caution is advised when using it.
umount: Unmounting File Systems
The `umount` command safely detaches file systems that were mounted using the `mount` command. It is an essential command that must be executed before physically removing storage devices such as USB drives or external hard drives.
uname -m: Check System Architecture
The `uname -m` command outputs the hardware architecture of the current system (e.g., x86_64, aarch64). This is useful for determining if the system is 32-bit or 64-bit, or if it's ARM-based, and is essential for verifying software compatibility.
uname -i: Check Hardware Platform Information
The `uname -i` command prints the hardware platform or architecture name of the current system. This is useful for identifying the type of hardware the system is running on, especially when scripts need to perform different actions based on a specific architecture.
unmount: Unmounting a File System
Unmount refers to the concept of detaching a mounted file system from the system, and the actual command is `umount`. This command is an essential step before removing USB drives, network shares, secondary disk partitions, etc., from the system. File systems in use cannot be unmounted by default, so all processes accessing the file system must be terminated first.
useradd Command Guide: Create New User Accounts
`useradd` command is used to create new user accounts on a Linux system. This command goes beyond simply adding a username; it allows you to set various attributes of the account, such as the user's home directory, shell, group membership, and more. It is essential for system administrators when registering new users or creating service accounts. Use this guide to learn the basics of `useradd` and its various options.
userdel Command Guide: Delete User Accounts
`userdel` command is used to delete existing user accounts on a Linux system. This command is important for cleaning up system resources and maintaining security by removing user account information and optionally their home directories and mail spools. It is essential when system administrators need to remove accounts that are no longer necessary. Use this guide to learn the basics of using `userdel` and its various options.