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sysctl: Managing Kernel Parameters
The sysctl command is used to view or set runtime parameters of the Linux kernel. These parameters can be accessed through the `/proc/sys` virtual file system, allowing dynamic changes to how the system operates (e.g., networking, memory, security).
systemctl Command Guide: The Core of systemd Service Management
`systemctl` is a key tool for managing the system and services of the systemd system manager. systemd is used as a standard to manage the system's boot processes, services, mount points, sockets, and more in modern Linux distributions. With `systemctl`, you can efficiently control the entire system by checking the status of services, starting/stopping/restarting them, and configuring whether they should run automatically at system boot. Learn various ways to utilize `systemctl` through this guide.
systemd: System and Service Manager
systemd is the most widely used system and service manager in modern Linux systems. Replacing traditional init systems, it comprehensively provides various core functionalities such as system booting, service management, device control, and log management.
systemd-analyze: System Boot and Service Analysis
systemd-analyze is a powerful tool used to analyze and debug boot times and individual service startup times on systemd-based systems. It is useful for optimizing system performance.
systemd-bootctl: Managing the systemd-boot Bootloader
systemd-bootctl is a utility for managing the systemd-boot bootloader on UEFI systems. It is responsible for installing, updating, removing the bootloader, and configuring boot entries, primarily by directly accessing the EFI System Partition (ESP).
systemd-cgls: View Control Group Contents
systemd-cgls is a command that recursively displays the hierarchy and contents of control groups (cgroups) managed by systemd. It is useful for understanding how processes, services, and user sessions on the system are organized into resource groups, allowing for a visual inspection of resource management and isolation status.
systemd-mount: Create and Manage Temporary Mount Points
systemd-mount is part of the systemd service manager and is used to temporarily mount file systems or create and manage automount units. This command allows for dynamic mount point configuration without modifying /etc/fstab, making it useful for one-off mounts or within scripts.
systemd-networkd: Network Configuration Management Daemon
systemd-networkd, part of the systemd suite, is a daemon for managing network device configuration on Linux systems. It uses `.network` files to declaratively automate and manage IP addresses, routing, and DNS settings for various network interfaces such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, bridges, and VLANs. It initializes network services at system boot and handles network changes during runtime.
systemd-nspawn: Lightweight Container Execution
systemd-nspawn, part of the systemd project, is a tool for creating and running isolated Linux container environments without the overhead of virtual machines. It provides stronger isolation than chroot and is lighter than virtual machines, making it useful for setting up test, development, and deployment environments.
systemd-repart: Automatic Disk Partition Expansion and Creation
systemd-repart is a utility used to automatically expand or create disk partitions. It is primarily utilized during the system's first boot or during system updates to dynamically adjust the partition layout. It operates based on JSON-formatted partition definition files and supports a dry-run mode for safe modifications.
systemd-run: Execute programs with transient systemd units
The systemd-run command executes a specified program as a transient scope or service unit. This allows you to manage the program's resources, execution environment, and logging under systemd's control, enabling it to run independently of the existing shell environment. It is particularly useful for background tasks, operations requiring resource limitations, or when specific systemd features are needed.
systemd-tmpfiles: Managing Temporary and Volatile Files
`systemd-tmpfiles` is a utility used to create, delete, and clean up temporary files, volatile files, and runtime directories on a system. It operates based on configuration files such as those found in `/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf` and `/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf`. It runs during system boot or periodically to manage the state of the file system, contributing to system stability and security.