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sftp: Secure File Transfer Tool
The `sftp` command is an interactive command-line client for securely transferring files over SSH (Secure Shell). Unlike `ftp`, it encrypts all communications, providing superior security, and is used to upload, download, and manage files between a local and a remote server.
sh: Shell Script Execution and Command Interpretation
`sh` is a Bourne shell-compatible command interpreter. It is used to execute scripts or process commands interactively. On most Linux systems, `/bin/sh` is a symbolic link to another shell like `bash` or `dash`, providing a script execution environment that adheres to the POSIX standard.
sha1sum: Calculate and Verify SHA1 Checksums
A command used to calculate the SHA1 message digest (checksum) of a file or to verify the integrity of a file by comparing it against a previously generated checksum file. It is useful for checking data for corruption or tampering.
sha256sum: Calculate and Verify SHA256 Checksums
The sha256sum command is used to calculate the SHA256 hash value of a file or to verify the integrity of a file by comparing it against a pre-generated hash file. This is essential for ensuring file reliability in various scenarios, such as checking for file corruption after data transfer or verifying the integrity of downloaded software files.
sha512sum: Calculate and Verify SHA512 Checksums
A command used to calculate the SHA512 hash value of a file or to verify the integrity of a file against a previously calculated hash value. It is useful for checking data corruption or detecting file modifications.
shred: Securely delete file contents
The shred command is used to securely delete file contents by overwriting them multiple times, making them unrecoverable. While regular file deletion may leave data recoverable, shred is useful when dealing with sensitive information.
shutdown: Safely Shutting Down Your System
The `shutdown` command is used to safely shut down or reboot the system. It notifies all users of the shutdown at a specified time and gracefully terminates all processes to prevent data loss.
sleep: Wait for a Specified Duration
The `sleep` command is used to temporarily suspend the execution of the system for a specified duration (seconds, minutes, hours, days). It is useful for creating intervals between tasks in scripts or terminals, or for waiting until a specific task completes.
socat: A Versatile Data Relay Tool
socat is a versatile relay tool that establishes bidirectional data streams between two independent entities. It can transfer data between various types of sources and destinations, including files, pipes, devices, TCP, UDP, and SSL, making it extremely useful for complex network tasks such as network tunneling, port forwarding, and socket communication debugging.
sort: The Standard for Sorting Text Lines
Sorts text lines (records). The default is lexicographical (byte-order) ascending, supporting various criteria such as delimiters, keys, numbers, versions, and human-readable units. Based on GNU coreutils' sort.
split: Split Files into Smaller Pieces
The split command is used to split large files into smaller files based on size or line count. This is very useful when dealing with large files, transferring them over a network, or when you only need to process specific parts.
ss Command Guide: Checking Socket Statistics (netstat Alternative)
`ss` command (socket statistics) is a powerful and modern utility used to check network socket-related information on Linux systems. It replaces the older `netstat` command, providing faster, more detailed, and efficient socket information. It is an essential tool for monitoring network activities and troubleshooting issues, such as network connection status, listening ports, and routing tables. Use this guide to learn various applications of the `ss` command.