Overview
`bc` is a powerful tool capable of performing a wide range of calculations, from basic arithmetic to complex mathematical functions. Its key feature is the ability to perform calculations with very high precision by allowing users to specify the number of decimal places.
Key Features
- Supports arbitrary precision arithmetic
- Interactive and scripting modes
- Provides a math library
- Allows the use of variables and control statements
Key Options
These are the main options used with the `bc` command.
Modes and Libraries
Generated command:
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Description:
`bc` Executes the command.
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Usage Examples
How to perform various calculations using `bc`.
Basic Arithmetic Operations
echo "10 + 5 * 2 / 4" | bcPerforms simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Setting Decimal Precision
echo "scale=4; 10/3" | bcUses the `scale` variable to specify the number of digits after the decimal point.
Using the Math Library
echo "scale=10; s(1)" | bc -lTo use mathematical functions like sine (sin), add the `-l` option.
Using Variables
echo "a=10; b=20; a*b" | bcYou can declare and use variables within `bc`.
Interactive Mode
bc
10 + 5
scale=5
22/7
quitYou can run `bc` by itself to use it as an interactive calculator.
Tips & Notes
Tips and points to note for more effective use of `bc`.
Key Built-in Variables
`bc` has several special variables that control calculation behavior.
- scale: Sets the number of digits after the decimal point for division and square root operations. The default is 0.
- ibase: Sets the base for input numbers. The default is 10 (decimal).
- obase: Sets the base for output numbers. The default is 10 (decimal).
Exiting Interactive Mode
In interactive mode, you can exit `bc` by typing `quit` or pressing `Ctrl+D`.
Utilizing Scripts
You can write and execute `bc` script files for complex calculations or repetitive tasks. Script files typically use the `.bc` extension. Example: `bc my_script.bc`