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traceroute: Trace Network Path
The traceroute command traces the route packets take to a network host and measures the transit delays of the packets through the Internet protocol. It is useful for diagnosing network problems and analyzing paths.
ufw allow: Add UFW Firewall Rule (Allow)
UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) is a tool that simplifies firewall rule management on Linux systems. The `ufw allow` command is used to add rules that permit inbound (or outbound) traffic for specific ports, protocols, or applications. This is essential for enhancing system security and blocking unwanted access.
ufw-app-list: View UFW Application Profiles
ufw-app-list is a command that displays a list of pre-defined application profiles for UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall). These profiles group the necessary port and protocol rules for specific services (e.g., SSH, HTTP), simplifying firewall management. This command allows you to check which application profiles are available on your system.
ufw-before-rules: UFW Before Rules Configuration File
ufw-before-rules is one of the core configuration files for Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW), located at `/etc/ufw/before.rules`. This file is used to define `iptables` rules that are processed before UFW's default rules are applied. It is useful for low-level `iptables` rules that are difficult to configure directly with UFW commands, or when very fine-grained control over specific interfaces is required.
ufw-deny: Block Specific Network Connections
ufw-deny is a subcommand of the Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) used to block network connections to specific ports, IP addresses, protocols, or applications. This command is essential for enhancing system security and preventing unwanted access.
ufw-route: Managing UFW Routing Rules
`ufw-route` is a conceptual command or custom script used to manage network routing and forwarding rules with Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW). While UFW primarily acts as a host firewall, approaches like `ufw-route` allow you to configure your system as a router or gateway by setting up traffic forwarding rules. This is commonly used for Network Address Translation (NAT) configurations or controlling traffic flow between specific networks.
wget -L: Recursively Download Only Relative Links
wget is a powerful command-line utility used for downloading files from web servers in a non-interactive manner. The `-L` or `--relative` option, when used with recursive downloads, instructs wget to follow only the relative links of the specified URL. This is useful for downloading a specific section of a website or maintaining its internal link structure, preventing unnecessary traversal to external domains and allowing for efficient collection of only the desired content.
wget -r: Recursive Website Download
wget -r is a powerful command used to recursively download content from a website or a specific directory to your local system. It follows links and copies all files and directories up to a specified depth, making it useful for browsing websites offline or for backups.
wget -i: Download URLs from a File
`wget -i` is used to read a list of URLs from a text file and download the files sequentially. It is very useful for batch downloading large numbers of files or processing dynamically generated URL lists from scripts. Each URL should be on a separate line in the file.
wget (Recursive Download): Copy Entire Websites
The recursive download feature of wget is used to copy entire websites locally or download files while maintaining a specific directory structure. This is very useful for website mirroring, offline browsing, and collecting specific types of files. The `-r` option enables recursive downloading, and various options can control the download depth, file types, and link conversion.
wget: Mirroring Websites and Saving Offline
wget is a powerful command-line utility for downloading files and websites from web servers using HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols. The `-m` (mirror) option, in particular, allows you to mirror an entire website locally, making it navigable offline. This is extremely useful for website backups, archiving, or when you need to check content without an internet connection.
wget -q: Download Files Quietly
wget is a non-interactive network downloader used to retrieve files from the web. The `-q` (quiet) option suppresses all output messages from wget, making it useful for preventing unnecessary terminal output in scripts or automated tasks. This combination is particularly effective for background operations or when you only want to log to a file.