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mount: Mount and Unmount File Systems
The `mount` command connects a file system to a specified directory, making it accessible. It is used to integrate various storage devices such as hard disks, USB drives, and CD-ROMs into the system's file hierarchy.
mtr: Network Diagnostic Tool (Ping & Traceroute Combined)
mtr (My Traceroute) is a network diagnostic tool that combines the functionalities of ping and traceroute. It displays real-time packet loss and latency for each hop along the path from the source to the destination, making it highly useful for troubleshooting network issues.
mv Command Guide: Moving/Renaming Files and Directories
`mv` command (move) is used in Linux and Unix-like operating systems to change the name of files or directories, or to move them to another location. It is an essential command for organizing and restructuring the file system. Through this guide, you will learn the basic usage of the `mv` command and its useful options.
nc: Network Connection and Listening
nc (netcat) is a versatile utility used to create network connections and read/write data using TCP or UDP protocols. It's often called the 'Swiss army knife of networking' due to its ability to perform various network tasks such as port scanning, file transfer, and setting up simple chat servers.
Netcat (nc) Command Guide
`netcat` or `nc` is a powerful command-line tool used for reading and writing network connections. It can perform various network tasks such as creating and receiving TCP or UDP connections, hence it is often referred to as the 'Swiss army knife of networking'. It is very useful for network debugging and management, including port scanning, file transfer, and building simple web servers.
netstat Command Guide: Checking Network Connections and Statistics (Legacy)
`netstat` command (network statistics) is used to display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, etc., in Linux and Unix-like operating systems. It is a useful tool for monitoring the network status of the system and troubleshooting issues. **However, in modern Linux systems, the `ss` (socket statistics) command has replaced `netstat`, providing faster and more powerful features. Therefore, the use of the `ss` command is recommended.** Use this guide to understand the basic usage of `netstat` and why you should transition to `ss`.
nice: Run Programs with Adjusted Priority
Executes programs with adjusted system resource occupation priority (Niceness) when they are started. It is used to prevent low-priority tasks (e.g., backups, encoding) from slowing down the system, or conversely, to give precedence to critical tasks.
nl: Numbering Lines of Files
The nl command numbers the lines of files and writes the result to standard output. It allows control over whether blank lines are included, the format of the numbers, and the separator, making it useful for log file analysis or code reviews.
nm: View Symbols from Object Files
The nm command displays a list of symbols (functions, variables, etc.) from compiled object files, static libraries, and shared libraries. This helps in understanding the program's structure and aids in debugging.
nmap: Network Scanning and Security Auditing
nmap (Network Mapper) is a powerful open-source utility for network discovery and security auditing. It provides a wide range of features including host discovery, port scanning, OS detection, and service version detection, making it essential for understanding network infrastructure and identifying potential security vulnerabilities.
nmcli: NetworkManager Command-Line Tool
nmcli is a command-line interface tool for controlling NetworkManager. It allows you to easily manage network connections, devices, Wi-Fi, and other network-related settings. It is very useful for automating and configuring networks in server environments or scripts.
nohup: Keep Running After Logout
A tool that allows commands to continue running even if the terminal is closed or the SSH connection is lost. It is essential for running long-duration tasks (e.g., server processes, large-scale downloads, batch jobs) in the background.