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alias: Setting Command Aliases
The alias command is used to create, view, and delete aliases, which are shortcuts for longer or frequently used commands. These aliases are only valid for the current shell session and must be added to your shell configuration file for permanent use.
bc: Arbitrary Precision Calculator
`bc` is a command-line arbitrary precision calculator language. It can perform integer and floating-point arithmetic with high accuracy, and supports variables, functions, and conditional statements, making it useful for complex calculations or scripting. It can process input interactively or from files.
date Command Guide: Displaying and Setting Date and Time
The `date` command is used to display the system's current date and time, or to set them. It's utilized in various situations, such as generating timestamps in shell scripts or recording time in log files. Master the various uses of the `date` command with this guide.
Mastering the `df` Command
A guide to the `df` command, which reports disk space usage of file systems in Linux. This tool allows you to easily check the available space, total space, and usage of all mounted file systems.
export: Setting Environment Variables
The `export` command makes shell variables available to child processes, effectively turning them into environment variables. This is useful when scripts or programs need to access specific values.
expr: Evaluate Expressions
The expr command evaluates various expressions, including integer arithmetic, string manipulation, and logical operations, and returns the result to standard output. It is useful in shell scripting for calculating variable values or implementing conditional logic.
free Command Guide: Check System Memory Usage
The `free` command is used on Linux systems to display the total amount of available physical memory (RAM) and swap memory, along with their usage and free space. It is an essential tool for system performance monitoring and troubleshooting. Through this guide, learn how to easily check memory information using various options of the `free` command.
groups: Print the list of groups a user belongs to
The `groups` command prints a list of group names that the current logged-in user or a specified user belongs to. It is useful for quickly checking a user's group membership to understand file or directory access permissions.
id: Print User and Group ID Information
The `id` command prints the user ID (UID), group ID (GID), and all supplementary group information for the current logged-in user or a specified user. It is a fundamental command useful for checking user permissions and group memberships.
logname: Print the Real Login User Name
The `logname` command prints the user name (login name) that was used when the user first logged into the system. Unlike `whoami`, it shows the original login user name even after privileges have been changed with `su` or `sudo`.
Mastering the Pipe (|): The Core Tool for Command Chaining
The pipe (`|`) in Linux/Unix shells is a mechanism that connects two or more commands, passing the standard output of one command as the standard input to the next. It's one of the core shell features used to break down complex tasks into multiple simpler commands and process them sequentially. Data flows in one direction, much like a water pipe.
read: Reading User Input
The read command reads a single line from standard input (stdin) or a specified file descriptor and stores it in one or more variables. It is commonly used in shell scripting to get user input or process file content. This command is built into most shells, including Bash and Zsh.