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The Complete Guide to the Curl Command
`curl` is a powerful command-line tool used to transfer data using URL syntax. It can perform various network tasks such as communicating with web servers or downloading files. It supports various protocols including HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SCP, and SFTP.
dig: DNS Information Lookup Tool
dig (Domain Information Groper) is a command-line tool used to query Domain Name System (DNS) related information. It queries various DNS records, such as the IP address and MX records of a specific domain, and displays detailed response results. It is an essential tool for DNS troubleshooting and network management.
ftp: File Transfer Protocol Client
The ftp command is a command-line client used to connect to an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) server to upload or download files. Although an older protocol, it is still used in some environments and is useful for simple file transfer tasks.
host: Simple DNS Information Lookup Tool
The `host` command is a simple and intuitive tool for querying Domain Name System (DNS) related information. It is useful for quickly checking the IP address (A record), mail server (MX record), etc., of a specific domain, and provides a more concise output than `dig` or `nslookup`.
Mastering the HTTPie Command
`httpie` is a command-line HTTP client that makes interaction with APIs and HTTP servers easy and intuitive. It offers a more user-friendly syntax than `curl`, along with features like automatic JSON support and syntax highlighting. It is primarily used for API testing, debugging, and communicating with web services.
ifconfig Command Guide: Checking and Configuring Network Interface Information (Legacy)
`ifconfig` command is a utility used to check and configure network interface information in Linux and Unix-like operating systems. It can display IP addresses, MAC addresses, network statistics, and more. **However, the more powerful and flexible `ip` command has replaced `ifconfig` in modern Linux systems, so it is recommended to use the `ip` command.** This guide will help you learn the basic usage of `ifconfig` and understand why you should transition to `ip`.
ip Command Guide: Managing Network Interfaces and Routing
`ip` command is a powerful command-line utility used to check and configure various network-related information such as network interfaces, routing tables, and ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) cache in Linux. It offers more features than the traditional `ifconfig` command and is the recommended tool for network management on modern Linux systems. Use this guide to learn the main usages of the `ip` command.
iptables: Linux Firewall Rule Management
iptables is a command-line utility that uses the Netfilter framework in the Linux kernel to configure and manage IPv4 packet filtering and NAT (Network Address Translation) rules. It allows you to control network traffic and enhance system security. iptables defines packet processing rules using the concepts of chains and tables.
iptables-restore: Restoring iptables Rules
The iptables-restore command is used to restore iptables (IPv4) or ip6tables (IPv6) rules previously saved by the `iptables-save` command. This allows you to maintain firewall rules after a reboot or easily apply backed-up rules.
iptables-save: Save iptables Firewall Rules
iptables-save is a command that dumps the IPv4 iptables firewall rules currently loaded in the kernel to standard output. This command is primarily used to save the currently configured firewall rules to a file for backup or to restore rules upon system reboot. It is used in conjunction with the `iptables-restore` command to manage the persistence of firewall rules.
Netcat (nc) Command Guide
`netcat` or `nc` is a powerful command-line tool used for reading and writing network connections. It can perform various network tasks such as creating and receiving TCP or UDP connections, hence it is often referred to as the 'Swiss army knife of networking'. It is very useful for network debugging and management, including port scanning, file transfer, and building simple web servers.
netstat Command Guide: Checking Network Connections and Statistics (Legacy)
`netstat` command (network statistics) is used to display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, etc., in Linux and Unix-like operating systems. It is a useful tool for monitoring the network status of the system and troubleshooting issues. **However, in modern Linux systems, the `ss` (socket statistics) command has replaced `netstat`, providing faster and more powerful features. Therefore, the use of the `ss` command is recommended.** Use this guide to understand the basic usage of `netstat` and why you should transition to `ss`.