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b2sum: Calculate and Verify BLAKE2 Checksums
b2sum is a command-line utility for calculating and verifying BLAKE2 message digests (checksums) of files. It is used for verifying file integrity, detecting data corruption, and ensuring the trustworthiness of downloaded files. BLAKE2 is a cryptographic hash function that offers performance comparable to MD5 or SHA-1 while providing security strength similar to SHA-256.
basename: Extract Filename from Path
The basename command removes directory components from a given file path, extracting the pure filename or directory name. It is commonly used in shell scripts when only the filename is needed, returning the last component of the path.
cd Command Guide: Basics of Directory Navigation
The `cd` command (change directory) is one of the most fundamental commands used in Linux and Unix-based operating systems to change the current working directory (location). It helps users easily navigate to desired locations within the file system. This guide will help you learn the various usages of the `cd` command.
chattr: Change File Attributes
The chattr command is used to change the attributes of files on Linux filesystems (like ext2/3/4, XFS, Btrfs, etc.). These attributes, separate from standard file permissions (chmod), control how files behave. For example, you can make files unchangeable or undeletable (immutable), or allow only appending (append-only).
chgrp: Change File/Directory Group Ownership
The chgrp command is used to change the group ownership of specified files or directories. It is an important part of file system permission management, useful for controlling access to resources by users belonging to specific groups.
chmod: Change File and Directory Permissions
The chmod command is used to change the access permissions (read, write, execute) of files and directories. The `-R` (recursive) option is particularly useful for batch permission changes across a specified directory and all its subfiles and subdirectories, making it very effective for large-scale permission configuration tasks.
Mastering the chown Command
A guide to the `chown` command in Linux used to change the owner (user) and group of files and directories. Use this tool to easily understand and apply ownership settings.
cksum: Calculate and Verify File Checksums
The cksum command calculates and outputs the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) checksum and byte count of a file. This value is used to verify the integrity of a file or to ensure that a transmitted file has not been corrupted.
cp Command Guide: Copying Files and Directories
The `cp` command (copy) is used in Linux and Unix-based operating systems to copy files or directories. It is essential when creating duplicates while preserving the original files/directories. This guide will help you learn various uses of the `cp` command.
crc32: Calculate File CRC32 Checksum
The crc32 command calculates and outputs the CRC32 checksum of a file or standard input. This can be useful for verifying data integrity.
Guide to the dirname Command
The `dirname` command is used to extract the directory path without the file name from a given file path. It is particularly useful in shell scripts when referencing other files or directories based on the location of a file.
file: Guide to Identifying File Types
Determines the type and MIME information of files by examining their actual byte content instead of relying on extensions. It uses the libmagic database.