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paste: Merge files line by line
The `paste` command merges corresponding lines from multiple files and outputs them to standard output. It is used to join lines from each file horizontally, separated by a delimiter. This is useful for combining data files or restructuring data into a specific format.
patch: Apply Changes (Patches) to Files
The 'patch' command is used to apply changes to original files using patch files (.patch) generated by the 'diff' command. This tool allows for efficient modification of source code or updating configuration files.
pr: Format text files for printing
The pr command converts text files into a format suitable for printing. It offers various formatting features such as adding page numbers, headers, dates, splitting into multiple columns, or adjusting page length. It is commonly used to make text more readable in the terminal or before printing.
printf: Formatted Output
`printf` is a command similar to the C language's `printf` function, which outputs data to standard output according to a specified format string. It allows you to format variables or literal values in various ways (integers, floating-point numbers, strings, etc.) and insert special characters using escape sequences. It offers more precise output control than the `echo` command.
rev: Reverse a String
The rev command reads lines from standard input or a file, reverses the order of characters in each line, and outputs the result to standard output. It's a simple yet useful utility often used with pipes (|) to manipulate the output of other commands.
sdiff: Compare Two Files Side-by-Side
The sdiff command compares two files in parallel, outputting their differences side-by-side in two columns for easy visual inspection. Unlike the `diff` command, it clearly distinguishes common and differing parts visually.
sed: Stream Editor
sed (stream editor) is a powerful Unix utility for editing text streams. It performs transformations, filtering, deletion, insertion, and other text manipulations on input from files or pipes using regular expressions. Optimized for non-interactive editing, it's widely used for automated text processing in scripts.
sort: The Standard for Sorting Text Lines
Sorts text lines (records). The default is lexicographical (byte-order) ascending, supporting various criteria such as delimiters, keys, numbers, versions, and human-readable units. Based on GNU coreutils' sort.
strings: Extracting Strings from Binary Files
The `strings` command is a tool used to extract human-readable text strings from binary files (executables, libraries, etc.). It is useful for debugging programs, analyzing malware, or quickly checking the content of unknown files.
tac: Output file content in reverse
The tac command reads files line by line and outputs them in reverse order, from the last line to the first. It is useful for checking log files or time-ordered data from most recent to oldest, performing the opposite function of the 'cat' command.
tail: Displaying the End of Files and Real-time Monitoring
The tail command is used to display the last part of a file. It is commonly used to check the latest content of log files or to monitor file changes in real-time using the -f option. The -n option is particularly useful for specifying the number of lines to output, allowing you to view only a specific number of the last lines.
tr: Character Translation and Deletion Filter
The `tr` command is a filter command used to translate or delete characters from text received via standard input (stdin). It is particularly useful when used with pipes (|) to process the output of other commands.