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csh: Execute C Shell and Scripts
csh (C Shell) is a command-line interpreter and scripting language used in Unix-like systems. It offers syntax similar to the C programming language, making it familiar to programmers, and includes features like command history, aliases, and job control. It is primarily used for interactive shells and executing shell scripts.
csplit: Split files based on context
The csplit command is used to split a file into multiple smaller files based on specific patterns (regular expressions) or line numbers. It is useful for analyzing or managing large log files or source code by dividing them into specific sections.
curl: Versatile Tool for URL-based Data Transfer/Testing
A powerful command-line tool for transferring data to and from servers using URLs. It supports various protocols like HTTP/HTTPS, FTP/FTPS, SFTP, and is widely used for API testing, file uploads/downloads, and troubleshooting.
cut: Extracting Specific Characters or Fields from Text Files
The `cut` command is used to extract specific portions (characters, bytes, fields) from each line of text files or standard input and output them to standard output. It is particularly useful for data processing and report generation when selectively extracting specific columns.
date Command Guide: Displaying and Setting Date and Time
The `date` command is used to display the system's current date and time, or to set them. It's utilized in various situations, such as generating timestamps in shell scripts or recording time in log files. Master the various uses of the `date` command with this guide.
dd: Data Copy and Conversion (Disk Cloning/USB Creation)
A powerful tool for copying and converting files block by block. It's used for creating bootable USBs, backing up disks (image dumps), and creating files. However, it's nicknamed 'Disk Destroyer' because incorrect output targeting can lead to complete data loss.
ddrescue: Recovering Data from Damaged Media
ddrescue is a tool for recovering data from damaged hard drives, CD-ROMs, DVDs, and other media. It is used to safely copy data from damaged media to another location by skipping bad sectors and copying as much data as possible.
df: Check Disk Space Usage
The df command reports the disk space usage of file systems. It displays the total space, used space, available space, and usage percentage in a human-readable format, helping system administrators quickly assess disk status.
diff: Compare Differences Between Two Files (Unified Format)
The diff command analyzes and outputs the differences between two files or directories. Specifically, the `-u` (Unified) option displays results in a unified format that shows changed lines along with their surrounding context, making it very useful for reviewing code changes or understanding change history in version control systems. This format helps to intuitively understand what parts have been added, deleted, or modified.
diff3: Compare and Merge Three Files
The diff3 command is used to compare three files line by line to identify differences and, if necessary, merge them. It is particularly useful for resolving conflicts in version control systems.
dig: DNS Information Lookup
dig (Domain Information Groper) is a powerful command-line tool used to query Domain Name System (DNS) servers to retrieve various DNS information such as domain names, IP addresses, and mail exchanger records. It is essential for network troubleshooting and verifying DNS records.
Guide to the dirname Command
The `dirname` command is used to extract the directory path without the file name from a given file path. It is particularly useful in shell scripts when referencing other files or directories based on the location of a file.